The Benefits of Linux
Linux is a free, open source operating system that runs on a wide range of devices, from small-scale personal computers and tablets to enterprise-grade servers. It is also used by many Internet of Things (IoT) devices, networking equipment and cloud instances. Linux is known for its stability, reliability and security, and offers more control over systems than other operating systems with restrictive configuration options.
In 1991, Linus Torvalds started work on the Linux kernel, which is the core component of a computer operating system. His goal was to create an alternative to the then-popular MINIX operating system, which he found restrictive and inflexible.
The Linux kernel allows the hardware to talk to the software, and controls everything that happens on a Linux system. It manages memory, device drivers and processes, and allows for a variety of user-level tasks to be performed. The kernel is the most complex piece of software in a Linux system, and is responsible for all interactions between the hardware and the rest of the operating system.
Unlike proprietary systems, which have a central authority that governs the entire operating system, the Linux kernel is open source and governed by an extensive network of contributors. Professional and hobbyist developers from around the world contribute to the Linux kernel, creating features, fixing bugs and security flaws, live patching, and providing new ideas for improving the kernel.
Because of this open source model, Linux is extremely reliable. It is also highly flexible and provides a range of different configuration options, making it a good choice for advanced users and IT professionals.
Another benefit of the Linux kernel is its ability to handle a large number of applications. Applications are programs that let you perform a specific task, such as word processing or playing a video game. Linux supports a wide variety of applications, from desktop tools to programming languages and multiuser business suites.
One of the most important commands in Linux is chmod, which sets permission modes for files and directories. A file can have one of three modes: read (r), write (w) and execute (x). The chmod command allows you to set these mode values for each individual file or directory.
Linux is very secure because it requires a password to log in, and uses a variety of other security features to keep sensitive information safe. For example, a kernel feature called selinux prevents unprivileged users from accessing critical files and devices. It can even disable USB ports and lock the computer screen.
Another security feature is SELinux, which monitors and enforces policy in the kernel, programs, services and other components of the system. It can be enabled and disabled at will by the administrator, and is used to protect against attacks by unauthorized software or malicious insiders. Many Linux systems are configured with SELinux enabled by default, although it can be disabled on a per-program basis. Several commercial Linux distributions are available, with each offering its own take on the desktop environment and other components. Some offer a modern user interface, while others favor a more traditional look and feel.
