The Basics of Linux
A free and open-source operating system, linux is used on a wide range of devices including personal computers, servers, mobile phones, smart watches and other wearables, tablets, and digital storage devices. It is known for its security, stability, and performance. Its adaptability allows it to be customized for a specific task, and a large community of developers offers support and updates. Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, linux is widely used across the world and can be found in many products that we use daily, from Android phones and Chromebooks to servers, home routers, and even televisions. Its popularity stems from its reliability, safety, and flexibility, which make it an appealing choice for both individuals and businesses. Like other OSes such as Windows, macOS (formerly OS X) and iOS, linux is an operating system that manages all the hardware components of your computer and helps software applications communicate with them. It features a graphical user interface and many of the same software that you are familiar with on other systems, such as word processors, photo editors, and games. In addition to a graphical user interface, linux also includes the kernel, which is the lowest level of an operating system that allows hardware and software programs to communicate with each other. The kernel is the foundation of all operating systems, and linux is no exception. It also features a display server, which is responsible for displaying graphical elements on your desktop, such as windows and pull-down menus. Currently, the two most popular display servers are x and wayland. The /boot directory contains bootloader files, startup scripts, and configuration files for the system environment settings. The /lib directory contains the system library files, while the /proc directory contains information that is loaded into memory at boot time and data that is generated during system operation. The /var directory contains log files, cache data, and other dynamic information. Having a working knowledge of the filesystem is essential for successful Linux commands. Depending on your particular needs, this may include knowing the location of certain files and directories such as /etc, /var, /sbin, /sys, and /lib. It is also important to learn the syntax of some common Linux commands. This will allow you to work more efficiently with the operating system, and it will also help you avoid syntax errors. For example, learning the difference between and > will save you from accidentally replacing an entire command with a new one. Similarly, understanding globbing will enable you to manipulate files and directories with greater ease. Developing a strong understanding of the linux command line requires patience and practice. The best way to understand it is to start small and gradually build your skills, with each step building upon the previous. By reading these articles in order, working through them fully, and practicing regularly, you should be able to use the linux command line with confidence in no time.